{"componentChunkName":"component---src-pages-markdown-remark-fields-slug-js","path":"/engineering/guest-post/nodejs-authentication-guide/","result":{"data":{"markdownRemark":{"id":"54fa3292-314e-57bf-966a-253d1ff09e66","excerpt":"Introduction Creating a user registration form employs the management of the registered user. This is where user role authentication comes into play. Role…","html":"<h2 id=\"introduction\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#introduction\" aria-label=\"introduction permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Introduction</h2>\n<p>Creating a user registration form employs the management of the registered user. This is where user role authentication comes into play. Role authentication ensures that non-admin users cannot make changes or access exclusive information. It grants administrative privileges to admin users and basic privileges to basic users.</p>\n<p>You can build your own authentication functionality with web tokens like JSON Web Token (JWT) or use a trusted third-party customer identity and access management (CIAM) software like LoginRadius.</p>\n<h2 id=\"goal\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#goal\" aria-label=\"goal permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Goal</h2>\n<p>This tutorial helps you:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>understand the differences between the Admin role and the Basic user role;</li>\n<li>use JWT to authenticate users; and</li>\n<li>learn role-based authentication using JWT in a simple Node.js app.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2 id=\"prerequisites\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#prerequisites\" aria-label=\"prerequisites permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Prerequisites</h2>\n<p>You have installed the following:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://nodejs.org/en/download/\">Node</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.mongodb.com/try/download/community\">MongoDB</a></li>\n<li>a <a href=\"https://code.visualstudio.com/download\">Text Editor</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>You already understand JavaScript <a href=\"https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_es6.asp\">E56 Syntax</a>.</p>\n<p>Now that everything is in place, let's set up your database.</p>\n<h2 id=\"set-up-a-mongo-database\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#set-up-a-mongo-database\" aria-label=\"set up a mongo database permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Set Up a Mongo Database</h2>\n<p>You'll store all your user data — which includes username, password, and role — in MongoDB.</p>\n<p>Install a node package called Mongoose that will connect to MongoDB. Then create a user <code>schema</code> for your application.</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"0\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">npm</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">init</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">npm</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">install</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">mongoose</span></span></code></pre>\n<p><code>npm init</code> sets up your new project and creates a <code>package.json</code> file with the credentials.</p>\n<p>After installing mongoose, create a new file <code>db.js</code> in the project's directory and require <code>mongoose</code>.</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"1\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">Mongoose</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;mongoose&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>With the help of mongoose, you can connect your application to MongoDB:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"2\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk3\">// db.js</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">Mongoose</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;mongoose&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">localDB</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk8\">`mongodb://localhost:27017/role_auth`</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk11\">connectDB</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk4\">async</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> () </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk15\">await</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">Mongoose</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">connect</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">localDB</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">useNewUrlParser:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk4\">true</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">useUnifiedTopology:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk4\">true</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk10\">console</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">log</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;MongoDB Connected&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">}</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk10\">module</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk10\">exports</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">connectDB</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>The code snippet here connects to <code>mongodb://localhost:27017</code> and then specifies the name of the database <code>/role_auth</code>.</p>\n<p>The function <code>connectDB</code> awaits for the connection, which contains the <code>URI</code> and <code>options</code> as a second parameter. If it connects without errors, it will log out <code>MongoDB Connected</code>. Error issues will be fixed while connecting to the database. After this, it exported the function for use in the server.</p>\n<h2 id=\"set-up-the-server\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#set-up-the-server\" aria-label=\"set up the server permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Set Up the Server</h2>\n<p>You need to install some dependencies that you'll use in this tutorial.</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"3\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">npm</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">i</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">express</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">nodemon</span></span></code></pre>\n<p><a href=\"https://expressjs.com/\">Express.js</a> is a Node.js framework for building web applications quickly and easily.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.npmjs.com/package/nodemon\">Nodemon</a> is a tool that watches the file system and automatically restarts the server when there is a change.</p>\n<p>You require <code>express</code> in your application to listen for a connection on port <code>5000</code>. Create a new file <code>server.js</code> in the root directory and create the listening event:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"4\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">express</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;express&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">express</span><span class=\"mtk1\">()</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">PORT</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk7\">5000</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">listen</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">PORT</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, () </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk10\">console</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">log</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">`Server Connected to port </span><span class=\"mtk4\">${</span><span class=\"mtk12\">PORT</span><span class=\"mtk4\">}</span><span class=\"mtk8\">`</span><span class=\"mtk1\">))</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>The next step is to test your application. Open up your <code>package.json</code> file and add the following to <code>scripts</code>:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"json\" data-index=\"5\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;scripts&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">: {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">&quot;start&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">: </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;node server.js&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">&quot;dev&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">: </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;nodemon server.js&quot;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">}</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>Open your terminal and run <code>npm run dev</code> to start the server.</p>\n<h2 id=\"connect-to-the-database\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#connect-to-the-database\" aria-label=\"connect to the database permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Connect to the Database</h2>\n<p>Earlier, you've created a function that connects to MongoDB and exported that function. Now import that function into your <code>server.js</code>:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"6\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">connectDB</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;./db&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">);</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">...</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk3\">//Connecting the Database</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk11\">connectDB</span><span class=\"mtk1\">();</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>You also need to create an error handler that catches every <code>unhandledRejection</code> error.</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"7\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">server</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">listen</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">PORT</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, () </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk10\">console</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">log</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">`Server Connected to port </span><span class=\"mtk4\">${</span><span class=\"mtk12\">PORT</span><span class=\"mtk4\">}</span><span class=\"mtk8\">`</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk3\">// Handling Error</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">process</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">on</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;unhandledRejection&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">err</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk10\">console</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">log</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">`An error occurred: </span><span class=\"mtk4\">${</span><span class=\"mtk12\">err</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">message</span><span class=\"mtk4\">}</span><span class=\"mtk8\">`</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">server</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">close</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(() </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">process</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">exit</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">1</span><span class=\"mtk1\">))</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">})</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>The listening event is assigned to a constant <code>server</code>. If an <code>unhandledRejection</code> error occurs, it logs out the error and closes the <code>server</code> with an exit code of 1.</p>\n<h2 id=\"create-user-schema\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#create-user-schema\" aria-label=\"create user schema permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Create User Schema</h2>\n<p><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_schema\">Schema</a> is like a blueprint that shows how the database will be constructed.</p>\n<p>You'll structure a user schema that contains username, password, and role.</p>\n<p>Create a new folder <code>model</code> in the project's directory, and create a file called <code>User.js</code>. Now open <code>User.js</code> and create the user schema:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"8\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk3\">// user.js</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">Mongoose</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;mongoose&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">UserSchema</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk4\">new</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk10\">Mongoose</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk10\">Schema</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">username:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">type:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk10\">String</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">unique:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk4\">true</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">required:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk4\">true</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  },</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">password:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">type:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk10\">String</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">minlength:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk7\">6</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">required:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk4\">true</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  },</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">role:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">type:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk10\">String</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">default:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;Basic&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">required:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk4\">true</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  },</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">})</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>In the schema, the <code>username</code> will be unique, required, and will accept <code>strings</code>.</p>\n<p>You've specified the minimum characters(6) the <code>password</code> field will accept. The <code>role</code> field grants a default value (basic) that you can change if needed.</p>\n<p>Now, you need to create a user model and export it:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"9\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">User</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">Mongoose</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">model</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;user&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">UserSchema</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk10\">module</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk10\">exports</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">User</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>You've created the user model by passing the <code>UserSchema</code> as the second argument while the first argument is the name of the model <code>user</code>.</p>\n<h2 id=\"perform-crud-operations\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#perform-crud-operations\" aria-label=\"perform crud operations permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Perform CRUD Operations</h2>\n<p>You'll create functions that handle:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>adding users;</li>\n<li>getting all users;</li>\n<li>updating the role of users; and,</li>\n<li>deleting users.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3 id=\"register-function\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#register-function\" aria-label=\"register function permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Register Function</h3>\n<p>As the name implies, this function will handle the registrations of users.</p>\n<p>Let's create a new folder named <code>Auth</code>. It will contain the Authentication file and the Route set-up file.</p>\n<p>After creating the <code>Auth</code> folder, add two files — <code>Auth.js</code> and <code>Route.js</code>.</p>\n<p>Now open up our <code>Auth.js</code> file and import that <code>User</code> model:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"10\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">User</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;../model/User&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>The next step is to create an <code>async</code> <code>express</code> function that will take the user's data and register it in the database.</p>\n<p>You need to use an <a href=\"https://expressjs.com/en/guide/writing-middleware.html\">Express middleware</a> function that will grant access to the user's data from the body. You'll use this function in the <code>server.js</code> file:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"11\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">express</span><span class=\"mtk1\">()</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">use</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">express</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">())</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>Let's go back to your <code>Auth.js</code> file and create the register function:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"12\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk3\">// auth.js</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk10\">exports</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">register</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk4\">async</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">next</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> { </span><span class=\"mtk12\">username</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">password</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> } = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">body</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">password</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">length</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> &lt; </span><span class=\"mtk7\">6</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk15\">return</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">400</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;Password less than 6 characters&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk15\">try</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk15\">await</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">User</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">create</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">username</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">password</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    }).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">then</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">200</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;User successfully created&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    )</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  } </span><span class=\"mtk15\">catch</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">err</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">401</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;User not successful created&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">error:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">error</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">mesage</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">}</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>The exported <code>register</code> function will be used to set up the routes. You got the username and password from the <code>req.body</code> and created a <code>tryCatch</code> block that will create the user if successful; else, it returns status code <code>401</code> with the error message.</p>\n<h3 id=\"set-up-register-route\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#set-up-register-route\" aria-label=\"set up register route permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Set Up Register Route</h3>\n<p>You'll create a route to <code>/register</code> using <code>express.Router</code>. Import the <code>register</code> function into your <code>route.js</code> file, and use it as the route's function:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"13\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">express</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;express&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">router</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">express</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">Router</span><span class=\"mtk1\">()</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> { </span><span class=\"mtk12\">register</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> } = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;./auth&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">router</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">route</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;/register&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">post</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">register</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk10\">module</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk10\">exports</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">router</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>The last step is to import your <code>route.js</code> file as middleware in <code>server.js</code>:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"14\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">use</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;/api/auth&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;./Auth/route&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">))</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>The server will use the <code>router</code> middleware function if there is a request to <code>/api/auth</code>.</p>\n<h3 id=\"test-the-register-route\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#test-the-register-route\" aria-label=\"test the register route permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Test the Register Route</h3>\n<p>You'll use <a href=\"https://www.postman.com/downloads/\">Postman</a> to test all the routes.</p>\n<p>Open up Postman to send a <code>POST</code> request to <code>http://localhost:5000/api/auth/register</code> and pass the username and password to the body:</p>\n<p><img src=\"/1ac77cdb1d6c5ebf46cf5171d74cf4a0/registerRoute.webp\" alt=\"Register Route\"></p>\n<h3 id=\"login-function\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#login-function\" aria-label=\"login function permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Login Function</h3>\n<p>You've created a function that adds registered users to the database. You have to create another function that will authenticate user credentials and check if the user is registered.</p>\n<p>Open the <code>Auth.js</code> file and create the Login function, as follows:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"15\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk3\">// auth.js</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk10\">exports</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">login</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk4\">async</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">next</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> { </span><span class=\"mtk12\">username</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">password</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> } = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">body</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk3\">// Check if username and password is provided</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (!</span><span class=\"mtk12\">username</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> || !</span><span class=\"mtk12\">password</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk15\">return</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">400</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;Username or Password not present&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">}</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>The <code>login</code> function returns status code <code>400</code> if the username and password were not provided. You need to find a user with the provided <code>username</code> and <code>password</code>:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"16\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk10\">exports</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">login</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk4\">async</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">next</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk15\">try</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk15\">await</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">User</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">findOne</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">username</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">password</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (!</span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">401</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;Login not successful&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">error:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;User not found&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    } </span><span class=\"mtk15\">else</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">200</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;Login successful&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  } </span><span class=\"mtk15\">catch</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">error</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">400</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;An error occurred&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">error:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">error</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">message</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">}</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>Here, it returns status code <code>401</code> when a user isn't found and <code>200</code> when a user is found. The code snippet wrapped all this in a <code>tryCatch</code> block to detect and output errors, if any.</p>\n<h3 id=\"set-up-login-route\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#set-up-login-route\" aria-label=\"set up login route permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Set Up Login Route</h3>\n<p>To set up the login route, import the <code>login</code> function into your <code>route.js</code>:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"17\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">express</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;express&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">);</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">router</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">express</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">Router</span><span class=\"mtk1\">();</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> { </span><span class=\"mtk12\">register</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">login</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> } = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;./auth&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">);</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">...</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">router</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">route</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;/login&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">post</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">login</span><span class=\"mtk1\">);</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk10\">module</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk10\">exports</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">router</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span></code></pre>\n<h3 id=\"test-the-login-route\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#test-the-login-route\" aria-label=\"test the login route permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Test the Login Route</h3>\n<p>Make a <code>POST</code> request at <code>http://localhost:5000/api/auth/login</code> and pass a valid username and password to the body:</p>\n<p><img src=\"/bdcb632806567d22933fc46296bc322c/loginroute.webp\" alt=\"login Route\"></p>\n<h3 id=\"update-function\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#update-function\" aria-label=\"update function permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Update Function</h3>\n<p>This function will be responsibile for updating the role of a basic user to an admin user. Open the <code>auth.js</code> file and create the <code>update</code> function, as follows:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"18\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk3\">//auth.js</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk10\">exports</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">update</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk4\">async</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">next</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> { </span><span class=\"mtk12\">role</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">id</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> } = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">body</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk3\">// Verifying if role and id is presnt</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">role</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> && </span><span class=\"mtk12\">id</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk3\">// Verifying if the value of role is admin</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">role</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> === </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;admin&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk15\">await</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">User</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">findById</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">id</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    } </span><span class=\"mtk15\">else</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">400</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;Role is not admin&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  } </span><span class=\"mtk15\">else</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">400</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;Role or Id not present&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">}</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>The first <code>if</code> statement verifies if <code>role</code> and <code>id</code> are present in the request body.</p>\n<p>The second <code>if</code> statement checks if the value of <code>role</code> is admin. You should do this to avoid having over two roles.</p>\n<p>After finding a user with that ID, you'll create a third <code>if</code> block that will check for the role of the user:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"19\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk10\">exports</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">update</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk4\">async</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">next</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> { </span><span class=\"mtk12\">role</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">id</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> } = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">body</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk3\">// First - Verifying if role and id is presnt</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">role</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> && </span><span class=\"mtk12\">id</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk3\">// Second - Verifying if the value of role is admin</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">role</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> === </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;admin&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk3\">// Finds the user with the id</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk15\">await</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">User</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">findById</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">id</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">then</span><span class=\"mtk1\">((</span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          </span><span class=\"mtk3\">// Third - Verifies the user is not an admin</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">role</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> !== </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;admin&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">            </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">role</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">role</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">            </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">save</span><span class=\"mtk1\">((</span><span class=\"mtk12\">err</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">              </span><span class=\"mtk3\">//Monogodb error checker</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">              </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">err</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">                </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">                  .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;400&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">                  .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;An error occurred&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">error:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">err</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">message</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> });</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">                </span><span class=\"mtk12\">process</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">exit</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">1</span><span class=\"mtk1\">);</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">              }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">              </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;201&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;Update successful&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> });</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">            });</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          } </span><span class=\"mtk15\">else</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">            </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">400</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;User is already an Admin&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> });</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">catch</span><span class=\"mtk1\">((</span><span class=\"mtk12\">error</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">            .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">400</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">            .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;An error occurred&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">error:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">error</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">message</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> });</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        });</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">       ...</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>The third <code>if</code> block prevents assigning an admin role to an admin user, while the last <code>if</code> block checks if an error occurred when saving the role in the database.</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>The numerous <code>if</code> statements might be a little bit tricky but understandable. Please read the comments in the above code block for better understanding.</p>\n</blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"set-up-update-route\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#set-up-update-route\" aria-label=\"set up update route permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Set Up Update Route</h3>\n<p>Import the <code>update</code> function in your <code>route.js</code>, as follows:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"20\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> { </span><span class=\"mtk12\">register</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">login</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">update</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> } = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;./auth&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">);</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">...</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">router</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">route</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;/update&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">put</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">update</span><span class=\"mtk1\">);</span></span></code></pre>\n<h3 id=\"testing-the-update-route\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#testing-the-update-route\" aria-label=\"testing the update route permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Testing the Update Route</h3>\n<p>Send a <code>put</code> request to <code>http://localhost:5000/api/auth/update</code>:</p>\n<p><img src=\"/0a64d4ef9c1c8955d9aed82aaf869472/updateroute.webp\" alt=\"update Route\"></p>\n<h3 id=\"delete-function\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#delete-function\" aria-label=\"delete function permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Delete Function</h3>\n<p>The <code>deleteUser</code> function will remove a specific user from the database. Let's create this function in our <code>auth.js</code> file:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"21\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk10\">exports</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">deleteUser</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk4\">async</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">next</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> { </span><span class=\"mtk12\">id</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> } = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">body</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk15\">await</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">User</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">findById</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">id</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">then</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">remove</span><span class=\"mtk1\">())</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">then</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">201</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;User successfully deleted&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    )</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">catch</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">error</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">400</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;An error occurred&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">error:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">error</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">message</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    )</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">}</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>You remove the user based on the <code>id</code> you get from <code>req.body</code>.</p>\n<h3 id=\"set-up-the-deleteuser-route\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#set-up-the-deleteuser-route\" aria-label=\"set up the deleteuser route permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Set up the <code>deleteUser</code> Route</h3>\n<p>Open your <code>route.js</code> file to create a <code>delete</code> request to <code>/deleteUser</code>, using the <code>deleteUser</code> as its function:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"22\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> { </span><span class=\"mtk12\">register</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">login</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">update</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">deleteUser</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> } = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;./auth&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">);</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">...</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">router</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">route</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;/deleteUser&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">delete</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">deleteUser</span><span class=\"mtk1\">);</span></span></code></pre>\n<h3 id=\"test-the-deleteuser-route\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#test-the-deleteuser-route\" aria-label=\"test the deleteuser route permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Test the <code>deleteUser</code> Route</h3>\n<p>Send a <code>delete</code> request to <code>http://localhost:5000/api/auth/deleteUser</code> by passing a valid <code>id</code> to the body:</p>\n<p><img src=\"/5f7478fb8c45b5a5def8d442ab1d259c/deleteroute.webp\" alt=\"Delete Route\"></p>\n<h2 id=\"hash-user-passwords\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#hash-user-passwords\" aria-label=\"hash user passwords permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Hash User Passwords</h2>\n<p>Saving user passwords in the database in plain text format is reckless. It is preferable to hash your password before storing it.</p>\n<p>For instance, it will be tough to decipher the passwords in your database if they are leaked. Hashing passwords is a cautious and reliable practice.</p>\n<p>Let's use <code>bcryptjs</code> to hash your user passwords.</p>\n<p>Lets install <code>bcryptjs</code>:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"23\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">npm</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">i</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">bcryptjs</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>After installing <code>bcryptjs</code>, import it into your <code>auth.js</code></p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"24\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">bcrypt</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;bcryptjs&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span></code></pre>\n<h3 id=\"refactor-register-function\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#refactor-register-function\" aria-label=\"refactor register function permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Refactor Register Function</h3>\n<p>Instead of sending a plain text format to your database, lets hash the password using <code>bcrypt</code>:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"25\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk10\">exports</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">register</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk4\">async</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">next</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> { </span><span class=\"mtk12\">username</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">password</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> } = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">body</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  ...</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">bcrypt</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">hash</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">password</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk7\">10</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">then</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk4\">async</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">hash</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk15\">await</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">User</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">create</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">username</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">password:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">hash</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">then</span><span class=\"mtk1\">((</span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">200</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;User successfully created&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">           </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      )</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">catch</span><span class=\"mtk1\">((</span><span class=\"mtk12\">error</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">400</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;User not successful created&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          </span><span class=\"mtk12\">error:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">error</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">message</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      );</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  });</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">};</span></span></code></pre>\n<p><code>bcrypt</code> takes in your password as the first argument and the number of times it will hash the password as the second argument. Passing a large number will take <code>bcrypt</code> a long time to hash the password, so give a moderate number like 10.</p>\n<p><code>bcrypt</code> will return a promise with the hashed password; then, send that hashed password to the database.</p>\n<h3 id=\"test-the-register-function\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#test-the-register-function\" aria-label=\"test the register function permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Test the Register Function</h3>\n<p>Send a <code>POST</code> request to <code>http://localhost:5000/api/auth/register</code> and pass the username and password to the body:</p>\n<p><img src=\"/1ac77cdb1d6c5ebf46cf5171d74cf4a0/Hashedregisterroute.webp\" alt=\"Register Route\"></p>\n<h3 id=\"refactor-the-login-function\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#refactor-the-login-function\" aria-label=\"refactor the login function permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Refactor the Login Function</h3>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"26\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk10\">exports</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">login</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk4\">async</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">next</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> { </span><span class=\"mtk12\">username</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">password</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> } = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">body</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk3\">// Check if username and password is provided</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (!</span><span class=\"mtk12\">username</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> || !</span><span class=\"mtk12\">password</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk15\">return</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">400</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;Username or Password not present&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk15\">try</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk15\">await</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">User</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">findOne</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">username</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (!</span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">400</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;Login not successful&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">error:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;User not found&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    } </span><span class=\"mtk15\">else</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk3\">// comparing given password with hashed password</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">bcrypt</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">compare</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">password</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">password</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">then</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk4\">function</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">result</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">result</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          ? </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">200</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">              </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;Login successful&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">              </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">            })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          : </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">400</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;Login not succesful&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  } </span><span class=\"mtk15\">catch</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">error</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">400</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;An error occurred&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">error:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">error</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">message</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">}</span></span></code></pre>\n<p><code>bcrypt.compare</code> checks if the given password and the hashed password in the database are the same.</p>\n<h3 id=\"test-the-login-function\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#test-the-login-function\" aria-label=\"test the login function permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Test the Login Function</h3>\n<p>Send a <code>POST</code> request to <code>http://localhost:5000/api/auth/login</code> and pass a valid username and password to the body:</p>\n<p><img src=\"/632b08fece37d70e9641393af6d9dbcd/hashedloginroute.webp\" alt=\"Hashed Login Route\"></p>\n<h2 id=\"authenticate-users-with-json-web-token-jwt\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#authenticate-users-with-json-web-token-jwt\" aria-label=\"authenticate users with json web token jwt permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Authenticate Users with JSON Web Token (JWT)</h2>\n<p>JSON Web Token helps shield a route from an unauthenticated user. Using JWT in your application will prevent unauthenticated users from accessing your users' home page and prevent unauthorized users from accessing your admin page.</p>\n<p>JWT creates a token, sends it to the client, and then the client uses the token for making requests. It also helps verify that you're a valid user making those requests.</p>\n<p>You've to install JWT before using it in your application:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"27\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">npm</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">i</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">jsonwebtoken</span></span></code></pre>\n<h3 id=\"refactor-the-register-function\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#refactor-the-register-function\" aria-label=\"refactor the register function permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Refactor the Register Function</h3>\n<p>When a user registers, you'll send a token to the client using JWT as a cookie. To create this token, you need to set a secret string. You'll use the node's in-built package called <code>crypto</code> to create random strings:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"28\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">node</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;crypto&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">randomBytes</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">35</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">toString</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;hex&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>Output:</p>\n<p><img src=\"/ffc516c1cf1c578ae020aab9ea7bef3d/crypto.webp\" alt=\"Crypto\"></p>\n<p>Storing this secret string in an environment variable is a safe practice. If this secret string is leaked, unauthenticated users can create fake tokens to access the route.</p>\n<p>Store your secret string in a variable:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"29\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">jwtSecret</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> =</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;4715aed3c946f7b0a38e6b534a9583628d84e96d10fbc04700770d572af3dce43625dd&quot;</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>Once you've created your <code>jwtSecret</code>, import <code>jsonwebtoken</code> as the token in the <code>register</code> function:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"30\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">...</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">jwt</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;jsonwebtoken&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">jwtSecret</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;4715aed3c946f7b0a38e6b534a9583628d84e96d10fbc04700770d572af3dce43625dd&#39;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk10\">exports</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">register</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk4\">async</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">next</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> { </span><span class=\"mtk12\">username</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">password</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> } = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">body</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  ...</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">bcrypt</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">hash</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">password</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk7\">10</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">then</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk4\">async</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">hash</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk15\">await</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">User</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">create</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">username</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">password:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">hash</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">then</span><span class=\"mtk1\">((</span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">maxAge</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk7\">3</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> * </span><span class=\"mtk7\">60</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> * </span><span class=\"mtk7\">60</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">token</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">jwt</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">sign</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          { </span><span class=\"mtk12\">id:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">_id</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">username</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">role:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">role</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> },</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          </span><span class=\"mtk12\">jwtSecret</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">            </span><span class=\"mtk12\">expiresIn:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">maxAge</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk3\">// 3hrs in sec</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        );</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">cookie</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;jwt&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">token</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          </span><span class=\"mtk12\">httpOnly:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk4\">true</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          </span><span class=\"mtk12\">maxAge:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">maxAge</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> * </span><span class=\"mtk7\">1000</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk3\">// 3hrs in ms</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        });</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">201</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;User successfully created&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">_id</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        });</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">catch</span><span class=\"mtk1\">((</span><span class=\"mtk12\">error</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">400</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;User not successful created&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          </span><span class=\"mtk12\">error:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">error</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">message</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      );</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  });</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">};</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>The code snippet created the token using JWT's <code>sign</code> function. This function takes in three parameters:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>the payload is the first parament that you'll pass to the function. This payload holds data concerning the user, and this data should not contain sensitive information like passwords;</li>\n<li>you passed your <code>jwtSecret</code> as the second parameter; and,</li>\n<li>how long the token will last as the third parameter.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>After passing all these arguments, JWT will generate a token. After the token is generated, send it as a cookie to the client.</p>\n<h3 id=\"refactor-the-login-function-1\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#refactor-the-login-function-1\" aria-label=\"refactor the login function 1 permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Refactor the Login Function</h3>\n<p>Also, generate a token for logged in users:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"31\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk10\">exports</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">login</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk4\">async</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">next</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    ...</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">bcrypt</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">compare</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">password</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">password</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">then</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk4\">function</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">result</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">result</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          </span><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">maxAge</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk7\">3</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> * </span><span class=\"mtk7\">60</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> * </span><span class=\"mtk7\">60</span><span class=\"mtk1\">;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          </span><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">token</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">jwt</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">sign</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">            { </span><span class=\"mtk12\">id:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">_id</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">username</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">role:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">role</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> },</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">            </span><span class=\"mtk12\">jwtSecret</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">            {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">              </span><span class=\"mtk12\">expiresIn:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">maxAge</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk3\">// 3hrs in sec</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">            }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          );</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">cookie</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;jwt&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">token</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">            </span><span class=\"mtk12\">httpOnly:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk4\">true</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">            </span><span class=\"mtk12\">maxAge:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">maxAge</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> * </span><span class=\"mtk7\">1000</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk3\">// 3hrs in ms</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          });</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">201</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">            </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;User successfully Logged in&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">            </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">_id</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          });</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        } </span><span class=\"mtk15\">else</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">400</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;Login not succesful&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> });</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      });</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  } </span><span class=\"mtk15\">catch</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">error</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">400</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;An error occurred&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">error:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">error</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">message</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    });</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">};</span></span></code></pre>\n<h3 id=\"protect-the-routes\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#protect-the-routes\" aria-label=\"protect the routes permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Protect the Routes</h3>\n<p>To prevent unauthenticated users from accessing the private route, take the token from the cookie, verify the token, and redirect users based on role.</p>\n<p>You'll get the token from the client using a node package called <code>cookie-parser</code>. Let's install the package before using it:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"32\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">npm</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">i</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">cookie</span><span class=\"mtk1\">-</span><span class=\"mtk12\">parser</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>After installing it, import it into your <code>server.js</code> file and use it as a <em>middleware</em>:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"33\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">cookieParser</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;cookie-parser&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">);</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">...</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">use</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk11\">cookieParser</span><span class=\"mtk1\">());</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>You'll create your middleware that verifies the token and grants access to your private route.</p>\n<p>Let's create a new folder in the project's folder named <code>middleware</code> and create a file called <code>auth.js</code>.</p>\n<h3 id=\"admin-authentication\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#admin-authentication\" aria-label=\"admin authentication permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Admin Authentication</h3>\n<p>Open the <code>auth.js</code> file and create the middleware:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"34\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">jwt</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;jsonwebtoken&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">jwtSecret</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> =</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;4715aed3c946f7b0a38e6b534a9583628d84e96d10fbc04700770d572af3dce43625dd&quot;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk10\">exports</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">adminAuth</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">next</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">token</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">cookies</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">jwt</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">token</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">jwt</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">verify</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">token</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">jwtSecret</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">err</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">decodedToken</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">err</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk15\">return</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">401</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;Not authorized&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      } </span><span class=\"mtk15\">else</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">decodedToken</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">role</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> !== </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;admin&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          </span><span class=\"mtk15\">return</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">401</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;Not authorized&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        } </span><span class=\"mtk15\">else</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          </span><span class=\"mtk11\">next</span><span class=\"mtk1\">()</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  } </span><span class=\"mtk15\">else</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk15\">return</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">401</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;Not authorized, token not available&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">}</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>The code snippet requests a token from the client, checks if a token is available, and verifies that token.</p>\n<p>JWT verifies your token with your <code>jwtSecret</code> and returns a callback function. This function returns status code <code>401</code> if the token fails the authentication test.</p>\n<p>When you've created the token, you passed a payload that contained the user's credentials. You'll get the role from the credentials and check if the user's role is admin. If the user is not an admin, you return status code <code>401</code>, but you'll call the <code>next</code> function if the user is an admin.</p>\n<h3 id=\"basic-user-authentication\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#basic-user-authentication\" aria-label=\"basic user authentication permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Basic User Authentication</h3>\n<p>You'll also authenticate basic users before granting them access to the users route. Let's create another middleware in your <code>auth.js</code> file that will authenticate basic users:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"35\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk10\">exports</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">userAuth</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">next</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">token</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">cookies</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">jwt</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">token</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">jwt</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">verify</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">token</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">jwtSecret</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">err</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">decodedToken</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">err</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk15\">return</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">401</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;Not authorized&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      } </span><span class=\"mtk15\">else</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">decodedToken</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">role</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> !== </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;Basic&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          </span><span class=\"mtk15\">return</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">401</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;Not authorized&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        } </span><span class=\"mtk15\">else</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          </span><span class=\"mtk11\">next</span><span class=\"mtk1\">()</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  } </span><span class=\"mtk15\">else</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk15\">return</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">401</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;Not authorized, token not available&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">}</span></span></code></pre>\n<h3 id=\"protect-the-routes-1\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#protect-the-routes-1\" aria-label=\"protect the routes 1 permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Protect the Routes</h3>\n<p>You'll have two routes: one for the user and the other for the admin. Let's import this middleware into your <code>server.js</code> file and protect your routes:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"36\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> { </span><span class=\"mtk12\">adminAuth</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">userAuth</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> } = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;./middleware/auth.js&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">);</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">...</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">get</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;/admin&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">adminAuth</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">send</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;Admin Route&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">));</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">get</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;/basic&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">userAuth</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">send</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;User Route&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">));</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>Updating user roles and deleting users should be done by an Admin, so you need to import this <code>auth.js</code> middleware into your <code>route.js</code> file to protect the <code>update</code> and <code>delete</code> routes.</p>\n<p><code>route.js</code>:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"37\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> { </span><span class=\"mtk12\">adminAuth</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> } = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;../middleware/auth&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">router</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">route</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;/update&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">put</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">adminAuth</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">update</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">router</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">route</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;/deleteUser&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">delete</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">adminAuth</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">deleteUser</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span></code></pre>\n<h2 id=\"populate-the-database-with-admin-user\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#populate-the-database-with-admin-user\" aria-label=\"populate the database with admin user permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Populate the Database with Admin User</h2>\n<p>You need to create an admin user in your database. Open up your terminal, and let's run some <a href=\"https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/\">MongoDB methods</a>:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"\" data-index=\"38\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\">mongo</span></code></pre>\n<p>After mongo is started, you need to use the <code>role_auth</code> database:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"\" data-index=\"39\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\">use role_auth</span></code></pre>\n<p>Before adding your admin user to the database, you need to hash the password using <code>bcrypt</code> in the <code>node</code> terminal. Open node terminal in your project's directory:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"40\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">password</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk11\">require</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;bcryptjs&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">hash</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;admin&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk7\">10</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">password</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>After you've created the constant <code>password</code>, you need to enter <code>the</code> <code>password</code> in the node terminal to get your hashed password.</p>\n<p><img src=\"/d3c1b2d70849b827aac61c69995a2f8f/nodebycrypt.webp\" alt=\"Node bcrypt\"></p>\n<p>You'll use the hashed password to create your admin:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"41\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">db</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">users</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">insert</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">username:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;admin&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">password:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;$2a$10$mZwU9AbYSyX7E1A6fu/ZO.BDhmCOIK7k6jXvKcuJm93PyYuH2eZ3K&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">role:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;admin&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">})</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>To check if it was successfully created, run <code>db.users.find().pretty()</code> — this will output all users in the database.</p>\n<h2 id=\"create-the-login-form-using-ejs\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#create-the-login-form-using-ejs\" aria-label=\"create the login form using ejs permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Create the Login Form Using EJS</h2>\n<p>You'll use Embedded JavaScript (EJS) to create a front-end for your application.</p>\n<p>Install the <code>ejs</code> package:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"42\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">npm</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">i</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">ejs</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>After you've installed <code>ejs</code>, you need to set <code>ejs</code> as your default <em>view engine</em> in your <code>server.js</code> file:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"43\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">set</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;view engine&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;ejs&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span></code></pre>\n<h3 id=\"render-embedded-javascript\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#render-embedded-javascript\" aria-label=\"render embedded javascript permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Render Embedded JavaScript</h3>\n<p>When making a <code>GET</code> request to specific routes, you'll render an <code>ejs</code> file:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"44\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">get</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">render</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;home&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">))</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">get</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;/register&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">render</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;register&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">))</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">get</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;/login&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">render</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;login&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">))</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">get</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;/admin&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">adminAuth</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">render</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;admin&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">))</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">get</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;/basic&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">userAuth</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">render</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;user&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">))</span></span></code></pre>\n<h3 id=\"create-ejs-files\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#create-ejs-files\" aria-label=\"create ejs files permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Create EJS Files</h3>\n<p>By default, your application will look into the <code>views</code> folder when rendering an <code>ejs</code> file. You need to create the <code>views</code> folder in your project's folder and add your <code>ejs</code> files to it</p>\n<h3 id=\"create-a-home-page\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#create-a-home-page\" aria-label=\"create a home page permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Create a Home Page</h3>\n<p>Your home page will contain the links to <code>/login</code> and <code>/register</code> ejs file. Open up <code>home.ejs</code> and add these links:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"html\" data-index=\"45\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">&lt;!</span><span class=\"mtk12\">DOCTYPE</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">html</span><span class=\"mtk1\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">html</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">lang</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;en&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">head</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">meta</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">charset</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">meta</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">name</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;viewport&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">content</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">title</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">Home page</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">title</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">head</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">body</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">h1</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">Home Page</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">h1</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">a</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">href</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;/register&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> Register</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">a</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">br</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">a</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">href</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;/login&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">Login</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">a</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">body</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">html</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span></code></pre>\n<h3 id=\"create-a-registration-form\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#create-a-registration-form\" aria-label=\"create a registration form permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Create a Registration Form</h3>\n<p>Embedded JavaScript (EJS) supports HTML syntax. You'll create the registration form in <code>register.ejs</code> using HTML syntax:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"html\" data-index=\"46\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">&lt;!</span><span class=\"mtk12\">DOCTYPE</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">html</span><span class=\"mtk1\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">html</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">lang</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;en&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">head</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">meta</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">charset</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">meta</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">name</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;viewport&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">content</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">title</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">Register Page</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">title</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">head</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">body</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">h1</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">Register Page</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">h1</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">form</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">div</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">class</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;error&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">style</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;background-color: red;&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">div</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">br</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">label</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">for</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;username&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">Username</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">label</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">br</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">input</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">type</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;text&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">id</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;username&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">required</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">br</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">label</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">for</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;password&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">Password</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">label</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">br</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">input</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">type</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;password&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">id</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;password&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">required</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">br</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">input</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">type</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;submit&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">value</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;register&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">br</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">form</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">a</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">href</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;/login&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">Already registered? Login</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">a</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">body</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">html</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span></code></pre>\n<h3 id=\"add-post-request-functionality\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#add-post-request-functionality\" aria-label=\"add post request functionality permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Add POST Request Functionality</h3>\n<p>You need to get the username and password that the user entered and pass it to the body when making the <code>POST</code> request:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"html\" data-index=\"47\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">...</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">script</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  const form = document.querySelector(&#39;form&#39;)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  const username = document.querySelector(&#39;#username&#39;)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  const password = document.querySelector(&#39;#password&#39;)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  const display = document.querySelector(&#39;.error&#39;)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  form.addEventListener(&#39;submit&#39;, async (e) =&gt; </span><span class=\"mtk4\">{</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">     </span><span class=\"mtk12\">e</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">preventDefault</span><span class=\"mtk1\">()</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">     </span><span class=\"mtk12\">display</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">textContent</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;&#39;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">     </span><span class=\"mtk12\">try</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">       const </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk15\">await</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk11\">fetch</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;/api/auth/register&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">       </span><span class=\"mtk12\">method:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;POST&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">body:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk10\">JSON</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">stringify</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">username:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">username</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">value</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">password:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">password</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">value</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> }),</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">       </span><span class=\"mtk12\">headers:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> { </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;Content-Type&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk12\">:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;application/json&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">       })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">       const </span><span class=\"mtk12\">data</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk15\">await</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">()</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">       </span><span class=\"mtk11\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(res.status === 400 || res.status === 401){</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk15\">return</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">display</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">textContent</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk8\">`</span><span class=\"mtk4\">${</span><span class=\"mtk12\">data</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">message</span><span class=\"mtk4\">}</span><span class=\"mtk8\">. </span><span class=\"mtk4\">${</span><span class=\"mtk12\">data</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">error</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> ? </span><span class=\"mtk12\">data</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">error</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> : </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">}</span><span class=\"mtk8\">`</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">       }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">       data.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">role</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> === </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;admin&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> ? </span><span class=\"mtk12\">location</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">assign</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;/admin&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) : </span><span class=\"mtk12\">location</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">assign</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;/basic&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        } </span><span class=\"mtk11\">catch</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">err</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          console.log(err.message)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk4\">}</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">script</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk12\">body</span><span class=\"mtk1\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk12\">html</span><span class=\"mtk1\">&gt;</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>The code snippet uses JavaScript's in-built library called <code>fetch</code> to send a POST request to <code>/api/auth/register</code>.</p>\n<p>After the request has been sent, it stores the response to a constant <code>res</code>.</p>\n<p><code>res.json</code> will return the JSON you've passed as a response in the API.</p>\n<p>When <code>res.json</code> returns the data, you store that data in a constant <code>data</code>.</p>\n<p>If you get an error while making the request, display the error to the user. If an error isn't found, redirect the user based on their role on different routes.</p>\n<h3 id=\"create-a-login-form\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#create-a-login-form\" aria-label=\"create a login form permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Create a Login Form</h3>\n<p>Creating your login form and adding functionality to it will be similar to that of your registration. Open <code>login.ejs</code> and create this form:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"html\" data-index=\"48\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">&lt;!</span><span class=\"mtk12\">DOCTYPE</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">html</span><span class=\"mtk1\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">html</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">lang</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;en&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">head</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">meta</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">charset</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">meta</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">name</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;viewport&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">content</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">title</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">Login Page</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">title</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">head</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">body</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">h1</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">Login Page</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">h1</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">form</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">div</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">class</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;error&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">style</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;background-color: red;&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">div</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">br</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">label</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">for</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;username&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">Username</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">label</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">br</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">input</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">type</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;text&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">id</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;username&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">required</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">br</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">label</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">for</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;password&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">Password</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">label</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">br</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">input</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">type</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;password&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">id</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;password&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">required</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">br</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">input</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">type</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;submit&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">value</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;login&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">br</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">form</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">a</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">href</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;/register&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">Don&#39;t have an accout? Register</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">a</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">body</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">html</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span></code></pre>\n<h3 id=\"add-post-request-functionality-1\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#add-post-request-functionality-1\" aria-label=\"add post request functionality 1 permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Add POST Request Functionality</h3>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"html\" data-index=\"49\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">script</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      const form = document.querySelector(&#39;form&#39;)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      const username = document.querySelector(&#39;#username&#39;)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      const password = document.querySelector(&#39;#password&#39;)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      const display = document.querySelector(&#39;.error&#39;)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      form.addEventListener(&#39;submit&#39;, async (e) =&gt; </span><span class=\"mtk4\">{</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">e</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">preventDefault</span><span class=\"mtk1\">()</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">display</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">textContent</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;&#39;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">try</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          const </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk15\">await</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk11\">fetch</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;/api/auth/login&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">            </span><span class=\"mtk12\">method:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;POST&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">            </span><span class=\"mtk12\">body:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk10\">JSON</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">stringify</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">username:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">username</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">value</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">password:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">password</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">value</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> }),</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">            </span><span class=\"mtk12\">headers:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> { </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;Content-Type&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk12\">:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;application/json&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">            })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          const </span><span class=\"mtk12\">data</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk15\">await</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">()</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          </span><span class=\"mtk11\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (res.status === 400 || res.status === 401) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">            </span><span class=\"mtk15\">return</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">display</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">textContent</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk8\">`</span><span class=\"mtk4\">${</span><span class=\"mtk12\">data</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">message</span><span class=\"mtk4\">}</span><span class=\"mtk8\">. </span><span class=\"mtk4\">${</span><span class=\"mtk12\">data</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">error</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> ? </span><span class=\"mtk12\">data</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">error</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> : </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">}</span><span class=\"mtk8\">`</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          data.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">role</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> === </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;admin&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> ? </span><span class=\"mtk12\">location</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">assign</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;/admin&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) : </span><span class=\"mtk12\">location</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">assign</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;/basic&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        } </span><span class=\"mtk11\">catch</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">err</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">            console.log(err.message)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk4\">}</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">script</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    &lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk12\">body</span><span class=\"mtk1\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    &lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk12\">html</span><span class=\"mtk1\">&gt;</span></span></code></pre>\n<h2 id=\"add-registered-users-to-the-route\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#add-registered-users-to-the-route\" aria-label=\"add registered users to the route permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Add Registered Users to the Route</h2>\n<p>Once you've redirected users based on role to different routes, display all registered users on that route. You need to send a <code>GET</code> request to <code>/getUsers</code>.</p>\n<p>Open <code>auth.js</code> file in <code>Auth</code> folder:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"50\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk10\">exports</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">getUsers</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk4\">async</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">next</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk15\">await</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">User</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">find</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({})</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">then</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">users</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">userFunction</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">users</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">map</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">container</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = {}</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">container</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">username</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">username</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">container</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">role</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">role</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk15\">return</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">container</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">200</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">user:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">userFunction</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    .</span><span class=\"mtk11\">catch</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">err</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk7\">401</span><span class=\"mtk1\">).</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">message:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;Not successful&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">error:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">err</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">message</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    )</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">}</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>The <code>User.find</code> method returns an array of users. After mapping through this array, it stores the username and role in the constant <code>container</code> and returns the <code>container</code>.</p>\n<h3 id=\"display-registered-user-in-user-route\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#display-registered-user-in-user-route\" aria-label=\"display registered user in user route permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Display Registered User in <code>user</code> Route</h3>\n<p>You've rendered <code>user.ejs</code> when accessing the <code>/user</code> route. Now, you'll display all registered users to that route.</p>\n<p><code>user.ejs</code>:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"html\" data-index=\"51\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">&lt;!</span><span class=\"mtk12\">DOCTYPE</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">html</span><span class=\"mtk1\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">html</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">lang</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;en&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">head</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">meta</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">charset</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">meta</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">http-equiv</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;X-UA-Compatible&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">content</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;IE=edge&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">meta</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">name</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;viewport&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">content</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">title</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">User page</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">title</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">head</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">body</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">h1</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">Users</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">h1</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">ul</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">ul</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">script</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      const ul = document.querySelector(&quot;ul&quot;)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      const getUsers = async () =&gt; </span><span class=\"mtk4\">{</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk15\">await</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk11\">fetch</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;/api/auth/getUsers&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">data</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk15\">await</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">()</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">data</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">map</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">mappedUser</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">mappedUser</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">username</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> !== </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;admin&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">            </span><span class=\"mtk4\">let</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">li</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk8\">`&lt;li&gt; &lt;b&gt;Username&lt;/b&gt; =&gt; </span><span class=\"mtk4\">${</span><span class=\"mtk12\">mappedUser</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">username</span><span class=\"mtk4\">}</span><span class=\"mtk8\"> &lt;br&gt; &lt;b&gt;Role&lt;/b&gt; =&gt; </span><span class=\"mtk4\">${</span><span class=\"mtk12\">mappedUser</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">role</span><span class=\"mtk4\">}</span><span class=\"mtk8\"> &lt;/li&gt;`</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">            </span><span class=\"mtk12\">ul</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">innerHTML</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> += </span><span class=\"mtk12\">li</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          } </span><span class=\"mtk15\">else</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">            </span><span class=\"mtk15\">return</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk4\">null</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk4\">}</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      getUsers()</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">script</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">body</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">html</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span></code></pre>\n<h3 id=\"add-update-and-delete-function-to-the-admin-route\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#add-update-and-delete-function-to-the-admin-route\" aria-label=\"add update and delete function to the admin route permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Add Update and Delete Function to the Admin Route</h3>\n<p>You'll also display registered users to the admin route but add <code>update</code> and <code>delete</code> functionality to the route:</p>\n<p><code>admin.ejs</code>:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"html\" data-index=\"52\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">&lt;!</span><span class=\"mtk12\">DOCTYPE</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">html</span><span class=\"mtk1\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">html</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">lang</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;en&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">head</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">meta</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">charset</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">meta</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">http-equiv</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;X-UA-Compatible&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">content</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;IE=edge&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">meta</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">name</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;viewport&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">content</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk17\">/&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">title</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">Admin page</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">title</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">head</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">body</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">div</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">class</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;display&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">style</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;background-color: red;&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">div</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">h1</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">Users</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">h1</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">ul</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">ul</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">script</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      const ul = document.querySelector(&quot;ul&quot;)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      const display = document.querySelector(&quot;.display&quot;)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      const getUsers = async () =&gt; </span><span class=\"mtk4\">{</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk15\">await</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk11\">fetch</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;/api/auth/getUsers&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">data</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk15\">await</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">()</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">data</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">map</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk12\">mappedUser</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">mappedUser</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">username</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> !== </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;admin&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">            </span><span class=\"mtk4\">let</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">li</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk8\">`&lt;li&gt; &lt;b&gt;Username&lt;/b&gt; =&gt; </span><span class=\"mtk4\">${</span><span class=\"mtk12\">mappedUser</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">username</span><span class=\"mtk4\">}</span><span class=\"mtk8\"> &lt;br&gt; &lt;b&gt;Role&lt;/b&gt; =&gt; </span><span class=\"mtk4\">${</span><span class=\"mtk12\">mappedUser</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">role</span><span class=\"mtk4\">}</span><span class=\"mtk8\"> &lt;/li&gt; &lt;button class=&quot;edit&quot;&gt;Edit Role&lt;/button&gt; &lt;button class=&quot;delete&quot;&gt;Delete User&lt;/button&gt;`</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">            </span><span class=\"mtk12\">ul</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">innerHTML</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> += </span><span class=\"mtk12\">li</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          } </span><span class=\"mtk15\">else</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">            </span><span class=\"mtk15\">return</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk4\">null</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          </span><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">editRole</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">document</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">querySelectorAll</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;.edit&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">          </span><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">deleteUser</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">document</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">querySelector</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;.delete&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk4\">}</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      getUsers()</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">script</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">body</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">html</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span></code></pre>\n<h3 id=\"edit-a-users-role\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#edit-a-users-role\" aria-label=\"edit a users role permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Edit a User's Role</h3>\n<p>You'll create an event listener that will listen for a click on the <code>Edit Role</code> button. When the button is clicked, you'll send a <code>PUT</code> request to <code>/api/auth/update</code>:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"html\" data-index=\"53\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">script</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    ...</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    const editRole = document.querySelectorAll(&#39;.edit&#39;)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    const deleteUser = document.querySelector(&#39;.delete&#39;)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  editRole.forEach((button, i) =&gt; </span><span class=\"mtk4\">{</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk12\">button</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">addEventListener</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;click&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk4\">async</span><span class=\"mtk1\">() </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">display</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">textContent</span><span class=\"mtk1\">= </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;&#39;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">id</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">data</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">[</span><span class=\"mtk12\">i</span><span class=\"mtk1\">+</span><span class=\"mtk7\">1</span><span class=\"mtk1\">].</span><span class=\"mtk12\">id</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk15\">await</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk11\">fetch</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;/api/auth/update&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">method:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;PUT&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">body:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk10\">JSON</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">stringify</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({ </span><span class=\"mtk12\">role:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;admin&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">id</span><span class=\"mtk1\">}),</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">headers:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> { </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;Content-Type&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk12\">:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;application/json&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">dataUpdate</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk15\">await</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">()</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> === </span><span class=\"mtk7\">400</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> || </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> === </span><span class=\"mtk7\">401</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">document</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">body</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">scrollTop</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk7\">0</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk12\">document</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">documentElement</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">scrollTop</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk7\">0</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">        </span><span class=\"mtk15\">return</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">display</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">textContent</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk8\">`</span><span class=\"mtk4\">${</span><span class=\"mtk12\">dataUpdate</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">message</span><span class=\"mtk4\">}</span><span class=\"mtk8\">. </span><span class=\"mtk4\">${</span><span class=\"mtk12\">dataUpdate</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">error</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> ? </span><span class=\"mtk12\">dataUpdate</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">error</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> : </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">}</span><span class=\"mtk8\">`</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      </span><span class=\"mtk12\">location</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">assign</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;/admin&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    </span><span class=\"mtk4\">}</span><span class=\"mtk1\">);</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">      ...</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">script</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span></code></pre>\n<h3 id=\"delete-users\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#delete-users\" aria-label=\"delete users permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Delete Users</h3>\n<p>Deleting Users from the database should be the duty of an admin.</p>\n<p><code>admin.ejs</code>:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"html\" data-index=\"54\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">script</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  ...</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  const editRole = document.querySelectorAll(&#39;.edit&#39;)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  const deleteUser = document.querySelector(&#39;.delete&#39;)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  deleteUser.forEach((button, i)=&gt; </span><span class=\"mtk4\">{</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">   </span><span class=\"mtk12\">button</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">addEventListener</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;click&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk4\">async</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> ()</span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">   </span><span class=\"mtk12\">display</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">textContent</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> =</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;&#39;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">   </span><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">id</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk12\">data</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">user</span><span class=\"mtk1\">[</span><span class=\"mtk12\">i</span><span class=\"mtk1\">+</span><span class=\"mtk7\">1</span><span class=\"mtk1\">].</span><span class=\"mtk12\">id</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">   </span><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk15\">await</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk11\">fetch</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;/api/auth/deleteUser&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">     </span><span class=\"mtk12\">method:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;DELETE&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">,</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">     </span><span class=\"mtk12\">body:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk10\">JSON</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">stringify</span><span class=\"mtk1\">({</span><span class=\"mtk12\">id</span><span class=\"mtk1\">}),</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">     </span><span class=\"mtk12\">headers:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;Content-Type&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk12\">:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;application/json&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">}</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">     })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">   </span><span class=\"mtk4\">const</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">dataDelete</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk15\">await</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">json</span><span class=\"mtk1\">()</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">   </span><span class=\"mtk15\">if</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">status</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> === </span><span class=\"mtk7\">401</span><span class=\"mtk1\">){</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">     </span><span class=\"mtk12\">document</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">body</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">scrollTop</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk7\">0</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">     </span><span class=\"mtk12\">document</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">documentElement</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">scrollTop</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk7\">0</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">     </span><span class=\"mtk15\">return</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">display</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">textContent</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> = </span><span class=\"mtk8\">`</span><span class=\"mtk4\">${</span><span class=\"mtk12\">dataUpdate</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">message</span><span class=\"mtk4\">}</span><span class=\"mtk8\">. </span><span class=\"mtk4\">${</span><span class=\"mtk12\">dataUpdate</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">error</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> ? </span><span class=\"mtk12\">dataUpdate</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk12\">error</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> : </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">}</span><span class=\"mtk8\">`</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">   }</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">   </span><span class=\"mtk12\">location</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">assign</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&#39;/admin&#39;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">    })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk4\">}</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">   ...</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">script</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>You've created an event listener that listens for a click on the <code>Delete User</code> button. When the button is clicked, you'll send a <code>DELETE</code> request to <code>/api/auth/deleteUser</code>.</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Please ensure the admin user is first on the list to avoid populating the database with an admin user again.</p>\n</blockquote>\n<h2 id=\"logout-functionality\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#logout-functionality\" aria-label=\"logout functionality permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Logout Functionality</h2>\n<p>To log out users, you need to remove the token from the client and redirect the client to the home page.</p>\n<p>You'll create a <code>GET</code> request to <code>/logout</code> in the <code>server.js</code> file:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"js\" data-index=\"55\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk12\">app</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">get</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;/logout&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, (</span><span class=\"mtk12\">req</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">) </span><span class=\"mtk4\">=&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> {</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">cookie</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;jwt&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">, { </span><span class=\"mtk12\">maxAge:</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;1&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> })</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">  </span><span class=\"mtk12\">res</span><span class=\"mtk1\">.</span><span class=\"mtk11\">redirect</span><span class=\"mtk1\">(</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">)</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">})</span></span></code></pre>\n<p>The code snippet replaced the JWT token with an empty string and gave it a lifespan of 1 second.</p>\n<p>After creating the <code>GET</code> request, add a logout button to the admin's route and user's route:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"html\" data-index=\"56\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">...</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">ul</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">ul</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">button</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">class</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;logout&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;&lt;</span><span class=\"mtk4\">a</span><span class=\"mtk1\"> </span><span class=\"mtk12\">href</span><span class=\"mtk1\">=</span><span class=\"mtk8\">&quot;/logout&quot;</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span><span class=\"mtk1\">Log Out</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">a</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;&lt;/</span><span class=\"mtk4\">button</span><span class=\"mtk17\">&gt;</span></span>\n<span class=\"grvsc-line\"><span class=\"mtk1\">...</span></span></code></pre>\n<h2 id=\"nodejs-authentication-with-loginradius\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#nodejs-authentication-with-loginradius\" aria-label=\"nodejs authentication with loginradius permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Node.js Authentication with LoginRadius</h2>\n<p>You can simply replace the many steps discussed above using <a href=\"https://www.loginradius.com/docs/api/v2/getting-started/introduction/\">LoginRadius</a>. In turn, it helps you focus more on developing core application features while letting you quickly implement user signup and login and manager users.</p>\n<p>In other words, LoginRadius is a SaaS-based customer identity and access management (CIAM) system with features to manage customer identity, privacy, and access. It is a simple, implementable solution for adding user authentication and authorization to your website.</p>\n<p>Basically, LoginRadius handles user registration, login, and authentication. Other features of LoginRadius include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Forms</strong>: LoginRadius can automatically pre-create registration and login forms for you.</li>\n<li><strong>Authentication and Authorization</strong>: It generates and sends a token to the user when login or signup is successful. Instead of using <code>JWT</code>, you can use this token to authenticate users</li>\n<li><strong>Security</strong>: When using LoginRadius, you automatically have access to an admin console where you can control authentication factors, such as email, phone, and multi-factor auth for your Node.js app.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>To get started with LoginRadius, you need to <a href=\"https://accounts.loginradius.com/auth.aspx\">create an account</a> with either the free plan or the Developer plan, customize your registration and login forms, and start managing your users.</p>\n<h3 id=\"how-to-authenticate-your-nodejs-app-with-loginradius\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#how-to-authenticate-your-nodejs-app-with-loginradius\" aria-label=\"how to authenticate your nodejs app with loginradius permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>How to Authenticate Your Node.js App with LoginRadius</h3>\n<p>This section briefly covers how authentication works with LoginRadius.</p>\n<p>After signing up for LoginRadius, choose a name for your Node.js app.</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><img src=\"/faed37adab3b93cbf078cb49970ff8a6/loginradius.webp\" alt=\"LoginRadius - Enter your app name\"></p>\n</blockquote>\n<p>After completing your LoginRadius signup process, you can get your <strong>App Name</strong>, <strong>API Key</strong>, and <strong>API Secret</strong> from the <code>configuration</code> link on the sidebar. With these configurations, you can easily link the server-side of our application to LoginRadius.</p>\n<p><img src=\"/3c5de91ef87963f5ea96eb10556ba358/loginradius1.webp\" alt=\"LoginRadius API Credentials\"></p>\n<p>LoginRadius automatically generates a link that will be used to authenticate users. This link contains the name of your LoginRadius application and a <code>URL</code> that authenticated users will be redirected to:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"\" data-index=\"57\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\">https://&lt;LoginRadius-APP-Name&gt;.hub.loginradius.com/auth.aspx?action=login&return_url=&lt;Return-URL&gt;</span></code></pre>\n<p>An instance of the link is given below:</p>\n<pre class=\"grvsc-container dark-default-dark\" data-language=\"\" data-index=\"58\"><code class=\"grvsc-code\"><span class=\"grvsc-line\">https://noderoleauth.hub.loginradius.com/auth.aspx?action=login&return_url=http://localhost:5000</span></code></pre>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#conclusion\" aria-label=\"conclusion permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Conclusion</h2>\n<p>You've successfully learned how to perform CRUD operations using MongoDB as a database, hash passwords, authenticate using JWT, and render Embedded JavaScript (EJS). You can put all these together to build more complex applications.</p>\n<h2 id=\"resources\" style=\"position:relative;\"><a href=\"#resources\" aria-label=\"resources permalink\" class=\"anchor before\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li>A full, working version of <a href=\"https://github.com/LoginRadius/engineering-blog-samples/tree/master/NodeJs/NodejsAuthenticationGuide\">the code used in this tutorial is available on GitHub</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.loginradius.com/developers/\">Node.js Authentication with LoginRadius</a></li>\n</ul>\n<style class=\"grvsc-styles\">\n  .grvsc-container {\n    overflow: auto;\n    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;\n    padding-top: 1rem;\n    padding-top: var(--grvsc-padding-top, var(--grvsc-padding-v, 1rem));\n    padding-bottom: 1rem;\n    padding-bottom: var(--grvsc-padding-bottom, var(--grvsc-padding-v, 1rem));\n    border-radius: 8px;\n    border-radius: var(--grvsc-border-radius, 8px);\n    font-feature-settings: normal;\n  }\n  \n  .grvsc-code {\n    display: inline-block;\n    min-width: 100%;\n  }\n  \n  .grvsc-line {\n    display: inline-block;\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n    width: 100%;\n    padding-left: 1.5rem;\n    padding-left: var(--grvsc-padding-left, var(--grvsc-padding-h, 1.5rem));\n    padding-right: 1.5rem;\n    padding-right: var(--grvsc-padding-right, var(--grvsc-padding-h, 1.5rem));\n  }\n  \n  .grvsc-line-highlighted {\n    background-color: var(--grvsc-line-highlighted-background-color, transparent);\n    box-shadow: inset var(--grvsc-line-highlighted-border-width, 4px) 0 0 0 var(--grvsc-line-highlighted-border-color, transparent);\n  }\n  \n  .dark-default-dark {\n    background-color: #1E1E1E;\n    color: #D4D4D4;\n  }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk12 { color: #9CDCFE; }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk1 { color: #D4D4D4; }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk4 { color: #569CD6; }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk11 { color: #DCDCAA; }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk8 { color: #CE9178; }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk3 { color: #6A9955; }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk15 { color: #C586C0; }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk10 { color: #4EC9B0; }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk7 { color: #B5CEA8; }\n  .dark-default-dark .mtk17 { color: #808080; }\n</style>","headings":[{"value":"Introduction","depth":2},{"value":"Goal","depth":2},{"value":"Prerequisites","depth":2},{"value":"Set Up a Mongo Database","depth":2},{"value":"Set Up the Server","depth":2},{"value":"Connect to the Database","depth":2},{"value":"Create User Schema","depth":2},{"value":"Perform CRUD Operations","depth":2},{"value":"Register Function","depth":3},{"value":"Set Up Register Route","depth":3},{"value":"Test the Register Route","depth":3},{"value":"Login Function","depth":3},{"value":"Set Up Login Route","depth":3},{"value":"Test the Login Route","depth":3},{"value":"Update Function","depth":3},{"value":"Set Up Update Route","depth":3},{"value":"Testing the Update Route","depth":3},{"value":"Delete Function","depth":3},{"value":"Set up the deleteUser Route","depth":3},{"value":"Test the deleteUser Route","depth":3},{"value":"Hash User Passwords","depth":2},{"value":"Refactor Register Function","depth":3},{"value":"Test the Register Function","depth":3},{"value":"Refactor the Login Function","depth":3},{"value":"Test the Login Function","depth":3},{"value":"Authenticate Users with JSON Web Token (JWT)","depth":2},{"value":"Refactor the Register Function","depth":3},{"value":"Refactor the Login Function","depth":3},{"value":"Protect the Routes","depth":3},{"value":"Admin Authentication","depth":3},{"value":"Basic User Authentication","depth":3},{"value":"Protect the Routes","depth":3},{"value":"Populate the Database with Admin User","depth":2},{"value":"Create the Login Form Using EJS","depth":2},{"value":"Render Embedded JavaScript","depth":3},{"value":"Create EJS Files","depth":3},{"value":"Create a Home Page","depth":3},{"value":"Create a Registration Form","depth":3},{"value":"Add POST Request Functionality","depth":3},{"value":"Create a Login Form","depth":3},{"value":"Add POST Request Functionality","depth":3},{"value":"Add Registered Users to the Route","depth":2},{"value":"Display Registered User in user Route","depth":3},{"value":"Add Update and Delete Function to the Admin Route","depth":3},{"value":"Edit a User's Role","depth":3},{"value":"Delete Users","depth":3},{"value":"Logout Functionality","depth":2},{"value":"Node.js Authentication with LoginRadius","depth":2},{"value":"How to Authenticate Your Node.js App with LoginRadius","depth":3},{"value":"Conclusion","depth":2},{"value":"Resources","depth":2}],"fields":{"slug":"/engineering/guest-post/nodejs-authentication-guide/"},"frontmatter":{"metatitle":null,"metadescription":null,"description":"Want to authenticate and manage users with specific roles in your Node.js app? This in-depth tutorial explains everything step-by-step to help you implement authentication in your Node.js apps.","title":"Node.js User Authentication Guide","canonical":null,"date":"January 18, 2022","updated_date":null,"tags":["JWT","Authentication","Node.js"],"coverImage":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"aspectRatio":1.9047619047619047,"src":"/static/36e3e372636f4119a2bf4ee3878592ae/2ad7f/coverimage.webp","srcSet":"/static/36e3e372636f4119a2bf4ee3878592ae/1c9b5/coverimage.webp 200w,\n/static/36e3e372636f4119a2bf4ee3878592ae/f1752/coverimage.webp 400w,\n/static/36e3e372636f4119a2bf4ee3878592ae/2ad7f/coverimage.webp 800w,\n/static/36e3e372636f4119a2bf4ee3878592ae/b75f3/coverimage.webp 1034w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}},"author":{"id":"Uma Victor","github":"uma-victor1","bio":"I am a software developer based in Nigeria, familiar with a variety of different web technologies/frameworks and keen on always finding ways to explain things as simply as possible.","avatar":null}}}},"pageContext":{"id":"54fa3292-314e-57bf-966a-253d1ff09e66","fields__slug":"/engineering/guest-post/nodejs-authentication-guide/","__params":{"fields__slug":"engineering"}}},"staticQueryHashes":["1171199041","1384082988","1711371485","1753898100","2100481360","229320306","23180105","528864852"]}